Dubai: Globalization on Steroids Essay

Promotions for Dubai on CNN, BBC World, and other satellite channels show a shimmering skyline of glass and steel office towers with their graceful curves and aquiline shapes, suggesting a distant galaxy where all the unpleasantness of urban life has been airbrushed away. But advertising almost always offers more promise than reality, whether the product is potato chips or a city or a country. Seen through the lens of the everyday, nothing in this city is so clear. It’s hard to come to terms with Dubai, be ­cause there is confusion even in the way it is described by the media. It is often referred to as a Persian Gulf country (which it definitely isn’t), or a city-state (wrong again), or a Gulf emirate (also not accurate, because Dubai, the city, is only part of Dubai, the emirate, which is an integral part of the United Arab Emirates). But one thing is clear: during the three years I’ve lived here, it has undergone the kind of transformation that a city might experience once in a lifetime. Each time I leave my apartment block, I drive past shells of unfinished buildings with piles of sand and rubble spilling onto the sidewalks, and I’m struck by another irony of Dubai— that the more the city aspires to be the premier megalopolis of the 21st century, the more it resembles 1945 Dresden. The pace of growth has left many residents wondering what the hurry is. Yet everyone seems to be in a rush. On Sheikh Zayed Road, the 12 lanes linking Dubai with Abu Dhabi, the UAE capital 100 miles to the south, drivers barrel down the fast lanes at 90 miles an hour. Late on a Friday night, drivers weave in and out of the speeding traffic, which results in an appalling accident rate that leaves crushed fenders and tangles of gnarled metal piled along the roadsides. Has any place on earth grown as quickly or been transformed so completely? Aerial photos from the early 1960s show a dusty, ramshackle trading post tucked be-tween the Persian Gulf and the Creek, Dubai’s inland waterway and outlet to the sea. Ten years later it was beginning to take on the look of a prosperous city; a decade after that it had changed so much as to be almost unrecognizable. The one-runway airstrip had been replaced by an international airport, a forest of office towers had grown up along the Creek, and residential tracts had spread across barren expanses of desert that stretched to the horizon. Dubai today is often described as a Wild West town, and the widespread economic opportunism lends some truth to the description. Driving the expansion is neither natural resources nor old-world industrialization but rather the gears of a 21st-century economy—banking, technology, trade and tourism, real estate, and media outlets. The tycoons cutting business deals in hotel restaurants and on beach-club patios are representatives of this new global economy—Taiwanese bankers and Lebanese import/exporters, Russian oligarchs and Iranian property investors. But even Dubai is not immune from the vicissitudes of global economics—the September worldwide financial crisis drained almost $6 billion from its financial markets. In spite of its rapid growth and the influence of globalization on Dubai, a bit of the old city can still be found. Walk through the covered market on the Deira side of the Creek, past spice vendors displaying their wares in 100-pound sacks; then go up winding, narrow lanes past the gold, silver, and textile dealers from Pakistan and Iran and the Indian merchants who speak fluent Arabic, their roots in Dubai reaching back generations. From there it is only a short walk up to the Al-Hamadiya School, now a museum, the first place to offer formal education in Dubai. Exhaust-spewing water taxis still shuttle commuters across the Creek between the twisting streets of Deira and the traditional Bastakia quarter, home to the pre-oil ruler’s palace, a covered market, and the site of a former fort. On the Deira side, ships unload pallets of cargo, just as they have ever since Dubai served as a convenient transit point for much of the trade that passed between India and Africa and the rest of the Arabian peninsula. In the neighbourhoods of Jumeirah and Umm Suqeim, quiet side streets lined with white houses topped with red tile roofs glisten in the afternoon sun, suggesting the placid tranquillity of southern California when southern California was tranquil and placid. Early in the morning, Indonesian housemaids sweep driveways with dried palm branches, and South Asian labourers still use these primitive implements to clear the paths in the local parks. It is hard to reconcile such images with those more popularly associated with Dubai. There is the Royal Mirage Hotel, whose silent, soaring hallways and courtyards have been designed in palatial Arabian splendour. Not far away is the Madinat Jumeirah, another hotel complex and an adjoining shopping arcade, where the tinkling music of the oud is pumped into the elevators and down the narrow, serpentine corridors in an effort to re-create the sensual mysticism of the Arabian covered market. But here, too, like almost everywhere in Dubai, the traditional clashes with the modern, and the uneasy blend is meant to serve consumerism: at the Madinat Jumeirah, res-taurants and cafà ©s surround artificial lakes, gift boutiques cater to upscale travellers, and live music echoes from the JamBase, one of Dubai’s hot spots. All of the glitz has made Dubai trendy among the globetrotting business set and holidaymakers interested in a taste of the Middle East—as long as it is tempered with a hefty dose of Club Med— but the changing character of the city is not e ndorsed by everyone. Among so-called locals, or Emirati nationals, there is increasing fear that their culture will eventually succumb to Westernization and foreign influence. Such apprehension is justified, for the demographics are not on their side. Emiratis now account for only 20 percent of the population (an official estimate, probably inflated); within 20 years, as more foreigners pour in from South Asia, the Far East, Russia, and Africa, the percentage is likely to fall to the sin-gle digits. But it is hard for locals to grumble too loudly when they have also been seduced by the global consumer ethos. After midday pray-ers on a blazing Friday afternoon, they head for the blissfully cool shopping malls, as do Indian and Filipino families and British expatriates, to scoop up the latest in mobile phones and other electronic gadgets. Women display designer handbags over their flowing black abayas but wear blue jeans under them, and many young men complement their crinkly clean kandouras with a baseball cap instead of the traditional white headdress. Out in the parking lot, families cram the backs of their Range Rovers and Ford Explorers with plastic shopping bags and a month’s groceries. The good life has created a sedentary life, and with it a sharp rise in obesity and diabetes. As though suddenly seeing the need to change direction, Dubai has begun making desperate attempts to preserve its past. In April 2007 the Dubai Municipality issued a ruling ordering the preservation of more than 2,000 buildings it considered â€Å"having historical significance in the United Arab Emirates.† But the breakneck development all over the city makes this a fool’s errand. Glossy advertisements for unbuilt real estate tracts cover the arrivals hall at the airport, fill billboards beside the highway entrance ramps, and push the news off the front pages of the local news-papers. The inside pages promise more: one full-page ad shows a Venetian gondolier, against a backdrop of faux Mediterranean chic, paddling along an artificial canal, past cafà © tables with Western and Asian patrons relaxing beneath palm trees. The most widely advertised development is now the Lagoons, a name that, like the Greens, Springs, Lakes, and Meadows, belies the arid land it occupies. Indeed, image more than oil (little of which ever existed in Dubai anyway) is now the city’s most valuable export. But what reality might that image exploit? The city was never one of the great centres of Islamic learning or Arab culture, like Cairo or Damascus. It has always been a centre for trade, a way station for commerce. Even today it boasts no impressive mosques; shopping malls are the grandest edifices, and the best-known universities are imported satellite campuses from the United States, England, and Australia. So with no great cultural legacy to celebrate, Dubai has embraced the culture of celebrity. Last February, Tiger Woods was once again victorious in the Dubai Desert Classic, and Roger Federer tried (unsuccessfully) to defend his title in the Dubai Tennis Championships. A year ago George Clooney promoted his movie Michael Clayton at the Dubai International Film Festival, and Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie have been spotted frolicking with their children on the b each of the Burj Al Arab, the sail-shaped hotel that is the city’s current signature landmark. Dubai is often described as an Arabian Disneyland, and the characterization is not wide of the mark. Tourists, residents, and celebrities (including Michael Jackson and Rafael Nadal) have slid down the foaming cascades at the Wild Wadi water park. Across Sheikh Zayed Road, the enclosure for the indoor ski slope at the Mall of the Emirates angles into the sky like a giant airplane hangar tipped on end, glowing with a streak of lurid colour at nightfall. To accommodate the 15 million tourists a year that the city is planning to host by 2010, another resort complex of 30 hotels and 100 cinemas was sketched out on the city planner’s boards, but as a sign that even Dubai’s aspirations have been tempered, the project has been put on hold. Not, however, the Mall of Arabia, which promises to surpass the West Edmonton Mall as the world’s largest shopping and entertainment complex. The most impressive feature of Dubai isn’t the George Jetson architecture, or even the Burj Dubai, destined to be the tallest building in the world when completed, but the fact that people who would normally be at each other’s throats in their home countries—Indians and Pakistanis, Sunni and Shiite Muslims, Serbs and Bosnians, Ethiopians and Eritreans—manage to live and work together in remarkable harmony. This is also part of the legacy of Dubai, that for generations it has served as a crossroads of cultures and a transit point for people as well as goods, and so it evolved into a tolerant neutral space where the petty feuds of other parts of the world have no place. The downside of this polyglot society is a paucity of the shared concerns that can form a social consciousness and hold a society together. â€Å"I don’t want Hezbollah running my country,† the Lebanese receptionist at a medical clinic says when I ask her thoughts on the fallout of the Israel-Lebanon war. That issue is a nonstarter for the Asian staff who share her office. â€Å"She was a beautiful, beautiful woman!† the Pakistani security guard outside my apartment building croons, two days after the assassination of Benazir Bhutto, who spent part of her political exile in Dubai. Being so far from the cafà © tables of Lahore or Karachi, it is probably the first chance he’s had to pour out praise for the populist leader. Dubai is just a short airplane hop from the crises in Sudan, Iraq, and Palestine, but in an odd irony, this global city remains blissfully alienated from the pressing global issues that surround it. Car bombings in Baghdad and street battles in Gaza seem to exist in some parallel universe far from Dubai’s beach clubs and poolside barbecues. If talk radio is a barometer of popular sentiment, Dubai lacks social angst, or even concern about the world’s troubles. On Property Week, callers swap tips on the latest real estate investments. On another show, listeners offer advice on ways to kill time in traffic and compare the brunch buffets and weekend getaway packages offered by five-star hotel chains. One program is devoted to nuanced analysis of rugby, soccer, and cricket matches for United Kingdom and subcontinent expatriates. When the local English daily celebrated its 35th anniversary, readers praised the paper for its coverage of business, sports, and entertainment, but there was no han-k-ering for more articles on inter-national current events, some fright-ening-ly close to home. Life in Dubai is not all whimsical indulgence, however, for vice has arrived as an inseparable part of the global village. Dubai’s crime rate, still modest by Western standards, has risen to a level that would have been unknown a generation ago. Street crimes are still rare but drug seizures are not, and black markets in consumer goods have sprung up. (In a caper that Butch Cassidy would have envied, a gang of thieves drove two stolen cars through an entrance of the upscale Wafi City Mall, smashed a jewellery store display window, and made off with the goods.) Where economic adventurism thrives, so does the world’s oldest profession. Prostitutes from China, the Philippines, Russia, Eastern Europe, and the former Soviet republics hover near hotel entrances, hoping to snag returning guests. To its credit, Dubai can be called a true microcosm, but it’s hard to believe that a coherent society can be composed of guest workers who have migrated solely for lucrative jobs and have no longterm stake in the city’s future. Beneath the veneer of harmony is the disturbing sense that everyone knows his or her place. Class asserts itself in an unsavoury caste system where national and ethnic identity determines whether one is offered employment or a lease for an apartment. The city’s reputation as a haven of safety and security in a troublesome part of the world is upheld by affirming an â€Å"old world order† left by the colonial power Dubai would like to believe it has moved beyond. Social equality is a noble ideal promoted by the government but flouted in practice, proving once again that the democratic society is still a modern notion, at war with the more widespread tendency of human beings to create a hierarchy. A landlord may refuse to rent apartments to â€Å"bachelors,† the code word for men from the Asian subcontinent working in Dubai who may be supporting wives and children back home. The term would never apply to an unmarried German electrical engineer or a Canadian English teacher. â€Å"Eight years,† a taxi driver replies when I ask how long he has been plying the roads of Dubai, and I know this means 12 hours a day, six days a week. On Friday afternoons he probably goes to the closest Western Union office, like hundreds of others, to wire money back to his family in Mumbai or Peshawar. Class asserts itself also in the division between servers and the served. I still feel a little awkward when supermarket clerks address me formally and the deliveryman from Pizza Hut (â€Å"Ahmad,† according to his name tag) is overly grateful for a modest tip. But I remind myself that since Dubai is not a democracy and few of its residents come from democratic countries, there is no way its society could resemble one. If someone had to pinpoint one spot on earth that epitomizes the most unsavoury aspects of globalization, Dubai could be Exhibit A. It is a place where the whims of a consumerist society overwhelm a simple native Bedouin culture, the predilections of the affluent obliterate local climate and ecology, and the divide between rich and poor is unapologetically laid bare. Discussion points Read the above account of Dubai and discuss the following questions in groups: 1. To what extent can the Dubai story be regarded as the epitome of Globalisation? Explain your answer. 2. In what ways can Dubai be regarded as vulnerable? 3. What negative aspects of the Dubai story can you identify? 4. How might these negative aspects be mitigated?

Lifestyle Changes for School Age Children at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes.

Nurse’s Role in Identifying High-Risk groups, and Promoting Lifestyle changes for School Age Children at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes. March 24, 2013 Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus among school age children has increased drastically just in the past several years and is becoming and ever growing trend. Family history, obesity, and lifestyle are risk factors that play a major role in the onset of type 2 diabetes. Among these, obesity is the greatest risk factor, followed by physical inactivity.The main purpose of this research is to examine the nurse’s role in identifying high-risk groups, and promoting lifestyle change for school age children at risk for Type 2 diabetes. In reviewing and studying various peer-reviewed articles, and journals from different databases, it was determined that the nurse plays a big role in health promotion, and education. Nurses are able to do this by taking holistic approaches, and forming individualized care plans to suit each child’ s lifestyle. An individualized plan motivates the child to meet goals, and gives them a visual guide in which to note progress.Keywords: Diabetes, Type 2, Children, Nurses Nurse’s Role in Identifying High-Risk groups, and Promoting Lifestyle Changes Carbohydrates are the body’s main energy source. The role of the digestive system is to break carbohydrates down into blood sugar glucose so it can be used for energy; in addition, glucose is needed for all body cells to maintain homeostatic balance. When the body loses its ability to maintain stable glucose levels, diabetes develops. In type 2 diabetes, cells in the body become increasingly resistant to the effects of insulin, and glucose levels gradually rise in the bloodstream.Eventually, these dangerous levels of glucose in the body can cause serious complications such as heart disease, blindness, and kidney failure. Type 2 diabetes mellitus among school age children has increased drastically just in the past several ye ars and is becoming and ever growing trend. This chronic condition formally rare among children has become increasingly common as a result of sedentary lifestyle, diet, and lack of health promotion. Fortunately, type 2 diabetes can be prevented through awareness, and education.Nurses in particular can play a big role in bringing awareness to this epidemic, especially among school age children. Building a solid foundation can prevent the onset of this chronic illness in adulthood, and mostly likely will promote healthy lifestyle choices in the future. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nurse’s role in identifying high-risk groups and promoting lifestyle change for school age children at risk for Type 2 diabetes. In order to address this issue, and effectively promote change nurses must have a clear understanding of this chronic illness.So what is the nurse’s role in identifying high-risk groups, and promoting lifestyle changes, for school age children at risk f or type 2 diabetes? Method This is a review of the literature to answer the research question. The following databases and websites were used: Academic Search Complete, CINAL, and American Diabetes Association website. Findings: Identifying high risk group Identifying and targeting high risk groups is crucial to promoting lifestyle change for children at risk for type 2 diabetes. This is the first step the nurse should take in order to implement change. Targeting the high-risk group is probably a more applicable way and is recommended by the American Diabetes Association† (Jung-Nan, W et al. , 2009, p. 259). Nurses can quickly identify children at risk for type 2 diabetes by looking at these three areas which include family history, obesity and lifestyle. Family history is important in addressing the epidemic. It was proven in a research study done by Jung-Nan that â€Å"Children with more family members having diabetes were more likely to have T2D† (Jung-Nan, W et al. 2009, p. 260). Although family history is a non-modifiable risk factor, recognizing patterns in a child’s immediate and extended family is an important task the nurse must complete before promoting lifestyle change. Second, it is important to address the issue of obesity and lifestyle. Obesity is the leading cause of type diabetes and many other long term chronic health conditions. The development of childhood obesity is due largely in part to lifestyle, which includes diet and physical inactivity.Children often consume foods high in fat, sugar, and calories, and do not engage in any sort of physical activity. As a result increased input and little energy expenditure, eventually causes steady weight gain. Fortunately, childhood obesity and unhealthy lifestyle are modifiable risk factors, which can be largely prevented with proper diet and exercise. Therefore, the ability to identify these three risk factors can aid the nurse in developing plans, and ultimately motivate school age children to adopt healthy lifestyles. Promoting lifestyle changeWhen particular risk factors have been properly identified the nurse can begin promoting lifestyle change by formulating individualized plans for the school age child. Because obesity is the leading cause of type 2 diabetes among children, nutrition and exercise plans should be included in all individualized care plans. The nurse should promote a healthy diet by making the nutritional plan suitable for the child’s developmental level, incorporating healthful foods that the child will enjoy. In addition, the nurse should get feedback from the child about what foods he or she dislikes.This can valuable in developing a personalized nutritional plan. Also, attention should also be given to portion sizes, calories, and the amount of vitamins and minerals provided in each meal. In the same way, the exercise plan should also be tailored to the developmental level of the child, and should include satisfying, and rew arding activities. Plans should be holistic in nature, focusing on all areas of the child’s life, familial influences taking top priority. Parent’s influence dietary habits and the amount of physical activity the child chooses to engage in.As a consequence, if parent’s engage in little physical activity, and put no emphasizes on proper nutrition the child will eventually adopt this behavior and view it as â€Å"healthy†. Understanding the parent’s views on diet and exercise, can help the nurse better assess and develop a proper care plan. However, when parents are hesitant about changing their lifestyle, it can be a major setback for the nurse when developing an individualized plan. In this situation, the nurse should be patient, and willing to tailor the plan to meet the needs of each individual in the family. Lastly, in order for oals and desired outcomes to be successfully met the nurse must be through in organizing and gathering data by followi ng a certain sequence during assessment, piecing together subjective data from both parents and child, and validating it with objective data. Conclusion Type 2 diabetes in children continues to rise and has become an epidemic. Consequently, preventative measures must be taken to prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in school age children; emphasis on awareness and health promotion is necessary and must be taken seriously by nurses to motivate children to make positive lifestyle changes.The nurse must be able to correctly identify risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes. The nurse can then promote lifestyle changes by successfully developing individual plans to meet the needs of each child. The nurse should be holistic in approach, and must be sensitive to the needs of both parent and child. And lastly, the nurse should be through and accurate to successfully meet goals and desired outcomes for each child. Through doing this, the nurse can promote lifestyle change, prevent type 2 diabetes, and ultimately influence children to make healthy choices for life.References American Diabetes Association Home Page – American Diabetes Association. (n. d. ). American Diabetes Association Home Page – American Diabetes Association. Retrieved March 25, 2013, from http://www. diabetes. org Beckwith, S. (2010). Diagnosing type 2 diabetes in children and young people. British Journal Of School Nursing, 5(1), 15-19. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=c8h&AN=2010607580&site= Coe, S. (2010). Clinical focus. Nutrition related to obesity and diabetes as a public health issue.Nurse Prescribing, 8(8), 376. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=c8h&AN=2010758805&site=ehost-live Jung-Nan, W. , Hung-Yuan, L. , Yi-Chia, W. , Lee-Ming, C. , Mao-Shin, L. , Cheng-Hsin, L. , & Fung-Chang, S. (2010). Detailed family history of diabetes identified children at risk of type 2 diabetes: a population-based c ase-control study. Pediatric Diabetes, 11(4), 258-264. doi:10. 1111/j. 1399-5448. 2009. 00564. x Rabbitt, A. , & Coyne, I. (2012). Childhood obesity: nurses' role in addressing the epidemic. British Journal Lifestyle Changes for School Age Children at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes. Nurse’s Role in Identifying High-Risk groups, and Promoting Lifestyle changes for School Age Children at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes. March 24, 2013 Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus among school age children has increased drastically just in the past several years and is becoming and ever growing trend. Family history, obesity, and lifestyle are risk factors that play a major role in the onset of type 2 diabetes. Among these, obesity is the greatest risk factor, followed by physical inactivity.The main purpose of this research is to examine the nurse’s role in identifying high-risk groups, and promoting lifestyle change for school age children at risk for Type 2 diabetes. In reviewing and studying various peer-reviewed articles, and journals from different databases, it was determined that the nurse plays a big role in health promotion, and education. Nurses are able to do this by taking holistic approaches, and forming individualized care plans to suit each child’ s lifestyle. An individualized plan motivates the child to meet goals, and gives them a visual guide in which to note progress.Keywords: Diabetes, Type 2, Children, Nurses Nurse’s Role in Identifying High-Risk groups, and Promoting Lifestyle Changes Carbohydrates are the body’s main energy source. The role of the digestive system is to break carbohydrates down into blood sugar glucose so it can be used for energy; in addition, glucose is needed for all body cells to maintain homeostatic balance. When the body loses its ability to maintain stable glucose levels, diabetes develops. In type 2 diabetes, cells in the body become increasingly resistant to the effects of insulin, and glucose levels gradually rise in the bloodstream.Eventually, these dangerous levels of glucose in the body can cause serious complications such as heart disease, blindness, and kidney failure. Type 2 diabetes mellitus among school age children has increased drastically just in the past several ye ars and is becoming and ever growing trend. This chronic condition formally rare among children has become increasingly common as a result of sedentary lifestyle, diet, and lack of health promotion. Fortunately, type 2 diabetes can be prevented through awareness, and education.Nurses in particular can play a big role in bringing awareness to this epidemic, especially among school age children. Building a solid foundation can prevent the onset of this chronic illness in adulthood, and mostly likely will promote healthy lifestyle choices in the future. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nurse’s role in identifying high-risk groups and promoting lifestyle change for school age children at risk for Type 2 diabetes. In order to address this issue, and effectively promote change nurses must have a clear understanding of this chronic illness.So what is the nurse’s role in identifying high-risk groups, and promoting lifestyle changes, for school age children at risk f or type 2 diabetes? Method This is a review of the literature to answer the research question. The following databases and websites were used: Academic Search Complete, CINAL, and American Diabetes Association website. Findings: Identifying high risk group Identifying and targeting high risk groups is crucial to promoting lifestyle change for children at risk for type 2 diabetes. This is the first step the nurse should take in order to implement change. Targeting the high-risk group is probably a more applicable way and is recommended by the American Diabetes Association† (Jung-Nan, W et al. , 2009, p. 259). Nurses can quickly identify children at risk for type 2 diabetes by looking at these three areas which include family history, obesity and lifestyle. Family history is important in addressing the epidemic. It was proven in a research study done by Jung-Nan that â€Å"Children with more family members having diabetes were more likely to have T2D† (Jung-Nan, W et al. 2009, p. 260). Although family history is a non-modifiable risk factor, recognizing patterns in a child’s immediate and extended family is an important task the nurse must complete before promoting lifestyle change. Second, it is important to address the issue of obesity and lifestyle. Obesity is the leading cause of type diabetes and many other long term chronic health conditions. The development of childhood obesity is due largely in part to lifestyle, which includes diet and physical inactivity.Children often consume foods high in fat, sugar, and calories, and do not engage in any sort of physical activity. As a result increased input and little energy expenditure, eventually causes steady weight gain. Fortunately, childhood obesity and unhealthy lifestyle are modifiable risk factors, which can be largely prevented with proper diet and exercise. Therefore, the ability to identify these three risk factors can aid the nurse in developing plans, and ultimately motivate school age children to adopt healthy lifestyles. Promoting lifestyle changeWhen particular risk factors have been properly identified the nurse can begin promoting lifestyle change by formulating individualized plans for the school age child. Because obesity is the leading cause of type 2 diabetes among children, nutrition and exercise plans should be included in all individualized care plans. The nurse should promote a healthy diet by making the nutritional plan suitable for the child’s developmental level, incorporating healthful foods that the child will enjoy. In addition, the nurse should get feedback from the child about what foods he or she dislikes.This can valuable in developing a personalized nutritional plan. Also, attention should also be given to portion sizes, calories, and the amount of vitamins and minerals provided in each meal. In the same way, the exercise plan should also be tailored to the developmental level of the child, and should include satisfying, and rew arding activities. Plans should be holistic in nature, focusing on all areas of the child’s life, familial influences taking top priority. Parent’s influence dietary habits and the amount of physical activity the child chooses to engage in.As a consequence, if parent’s engage in little physical activity, and put no emphasizes on proper nutrition the child will eventually adopt this behavior and view it as â€Å"healthy†. Understanding the parent’s views on diet and exercise, can help the nurse better assess and develop a proper care plan. However, when parents are hesitant about changing their lifestyle, it can be a major setback for the nurse when developing an individualized plan. In this situation, the nurse should be patient, and willing to tailor the plan to meet the needs of each individual in the family. Lastly, in order for oals and desired outcomes to be successfully met the nurse must be through in organizing and gathering data by followi ng a certain sequence during assessment, piecing together subjective data from both parents and child, and validating it with objective data. Conclusion Type 2 diabetes in children continues to rise and has become an epidemic. Consequently, preventative measures must be taken to prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in school age children; emphasis on awareness and health promotion is necessary and must be taken seriously by nurses to motivate children to make positive lifestyle changes.The nurse must be able to correctly identify risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes. The nurse can then promote lifestyle changes by successfully developing individual plans to meet the needs of each child. The nurse should be holistic in approach, and must be sensitive to the needs of both parent and child. And lastly, the nurse should be through and accurate to successfully meet goals and desired outcomes for each child. Through doing this, the nurse can promote lifestyle change, prevent type 2 diabetes, and ultimately influence children to make healthy choices for life.References American Diabetes Association Home Page – American Diabetes Association. (n. d. ). American Diabetes Association Home Page – American Diabetes Association. Retrieved March 25, 2013, from http://www. diabetes. org Beckwith, S. (2010). Diagnosing type 2 diabetes in children and young people. British Journal Of School Nursing, 5(1), 15-19. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=c8h&AN=2010607580&site= Coe, S. (2010). Clinical focus. Nutrition related to obesity and diabetes as a public health issue.Nurse Prescribing, 8(8), 376. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=c8h&AN=2010758805&site=ehost-live Jung-Nan, W. , Hung-Yuan, L. , Yi-Chia, W. , Lee-Ming, C. , Mao-Shin, L. , Cheng-Hsin, L. , & Fung-Chang, S. (2010). Detailed family history of diabetes identified children at risk of type 2 diabetes: a population-based c ase-control study. Pediatric Diabetes, 11(4), 258-264. doi:10. 1111/j. 1399-5448. 2009. 00564. x Rabbitt, A. , & Coyne, I. (2012). Childhood obesity: nurses' role in addressing the epidemic. British Journal

Othello and Racism Essay

Held a captive and cannot escape the grips of racism, Othello must battle with this matter from day one till his call of death. Just because his skin tone is unusual from Venice and its citizens, makes Othello an outcast . Although born a black moor, Othello has all the great characteristics a man should have. Being courageous, honorable, intelligent and all the aspects a woman would want in a husband. He grew up to be a venetian military general who has risen to high position of power is viewed in two means. One, since Othello belongs to the military realm he hence deserves the respect and authority any other general should receive. Second view is highly different and because the race role is a huge issue, it essentially eliminates the first way people would view Othello. But this doesn’t stop Desdemona from falling in love with him and making him her husband. The color of Othello’s skin doesn’t bother Desdemona one bit which isn’t the case for the rest of the characters seen throughout the play. Before Othello’s name is even mentioned in the play, racial slurs are being said and the audience is being introduced to how Othello will be treated. In Act I Scene I, Rodrigo and Iago talk about â€Å"the moor†, â€Å"the thick-lips† and â€Å"the old black ram† . Small comments like these slowly bring out the characteristics that multiple characters share in this play. Iago and Rodrigo aren’t the only ones who have a problem with Othello; Desdemona’s father ,Brabantio, is in the same boat with Iago and Rodrigo. Brabantio is a self-important the Venetian Senator whose main priorities are his job and his daughter. If one of these main concerns aren’t necessarily going his way, then there could be a problem. Othello encounters this the hard way unfortunately. Brabantio hears news about how his daughter has gotten married but not to any regular guy, to a moor.

Transcript of Spoken Interaction with a Critical Commentary Essay

Transcript of Spoken Interaction with a Critical Commentary - Essay Example It helps researchers to determine a child’s sound abilities. Most natural discourse involves an adult and a child. The linguistic feature of the transcript below is phonology awareness, which involves analysis of sound patterns to come up with meanings. Many children learn to produce sounds, but cannot relate the sounds to the meanings of words. Other children are able to merge sounds to formulate words. The informant is a three-year-old girl. The dialogue took place on a farm in the countryside. The adult and the child were having a conversation about what they saw as in the farm. The adult is a distant relative of the child. They talked about the animals, plants and fruits, which they saw. Children listen to various sounds to learn their languages. They learn to differentiate various sounds, and to divide the speech into meaningful units to enable them to come up with words and sentences. Children also have to learn to extract a word from a speech sequence, and to understand the meaning of the word. They also learn to distinguish different sounds to understand the meanings of words with the same sounds. Some children may learn the meaning of words, but are unable to produce the correct sounds in their speech. Phonological awareness is the capability to concentrate on the elements of sound in speech. It also involves manipulation of sound elements such as syllables and phonemes. The awareness may include matching, fusion and study of spoken words. Child phonology describes the phenomena in children’s language. The descriptions of these aspects and developmental patterns are not sufficient to come up with a proposition of attainment of phonology. There are two dim ensions of phonological awareness; the first deals with the magnitude of the sound unit, while the second looks into the nature of manipulation of sound units. The second dimension also involves a child’

ACC501 - Accounting for Decision Making, Mod 3 SLP Essay

ACC501 - Accounting for Decision Making, Mod 3 SLP - Essay Example In this paper we are going to discuss a decision that has recently been made by the ASPCA and its financial implications. The ASPCA is a non-profit organization that is based in New York. It was founded by Henry Bergh in 1866. As the first animal welfare organization in the USA, it took on the humanitarian role of protecting animals by rescuing them from abuse, developing humane laws and establishing a network of countrywide shelters to help carry out a collaboration with animal lovers (www.aspca.org). One of the decisions that was recently made by the ASPCA was a collaboration with Bank of America in terms of issuing a special ASPCA credit card. This card functions very much like an ordinary credit card, but with a lot of benefits and privileges attached. For instance, every time a cardholder uses his or her ASPCA credit card to make a purchase, they will be helping fight cruelty to animals. Every dollar spent in net retail terms gathers points towards discounts, allowances and other privileges in hotel travel and accommodation- and may also result in cash and merchandise redemptions. The ASPCA credit card is being offered at a low Annual Percentage interest rate (APR) in order to attract customers. To apply one must be a Bank of America customer and have applied for online banking services or already own a debit or credit card issued by the bank. Relevant costs related to the decision to issue the ASPCA special credit card are the cost of issue to the Bank, the business expected to be generated by the use of this card and the general acceptability among American users. The low APR seems to be appealing, as well as the plea to contribute to the safety and protection of animals all across the USA. Few people would find themselves resisting applying for this credit card. It not only allows them certain privileges, but also benefits in terms of cash discounts and allowances gained while shopping. In the

The Baroque Period Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Baroque Period - Essay Example The art forms of the period are characterized as intense, immediate, and individualist (Sullivan). These characteristics were achieved through the manipulation of movement and energy of the paintings and sculptures. Most of the themes of the art forms were mainly of considerable action and lively momentum. For a case in point, consider Gianlorenzo Bernini’s David (1623). This marble sculpture was set at a dynamic point, the moment at which David was about to hurl the sling. At such point of action, Bernini added emotion by carving it out of David’s face, revealing enthusiasm, and fury out of the sculpture. As most of the figures of the Baroque, Bernini’s subject was a human figure. Naturalism was still a general attribute of baroque art, and science gradually influenced art pieces. This could be seen in David’s elaborate details of the body structure. In paintings, the same characteristics could be observed. In Caravaggio’s representation of Christ from the cross, Entombment (1603), the depicted scene shows a sense of movement and emotions. The painting engages the viewer into sympathizing with the subjects through the evident emotions depicted in the faces and movements of the figures. The emotion of the moment was captured as well through the manipulation of light, which is also an attribute of Baroque period. Such paintings were commissioned by the church to draw people into returning to the Catholic Church at the time of the Counter-Reformation.The architecture of the period was grand, like the energy.

History of Exxon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History of Exxon - Essay Example The Standard Oil Company in 1899 became the holding company for all corporations listed under the trust, but was order by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1911 to separate from 33 American subsidiaries. In 1972, Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) changed its name to Exxon Corporation with other subsidiaries and affiliates, including Humble also adopting the name Exxon. Exxon had established itself in every phase of oil industry before merging with Mobil Company in 1999. Exxon dealt in oil transport via pipelines and also owns a largest fleet of tankers in relation to its peers. Exxon Mobil Corporation comes second after BP as the world largest integrated oil firm. The company runs oil and gas discovery, production, haulage as well as marketing in over 200 countries around the world (ExxonMobil, n.d). The company is also a major player in manufacturing of petrochemicals (Rienstra, Linsley & Beaumont Chamber of Commerce, 2003). In 2014 quarter 4, Exxon Mobil recorded a higher decrease in total revenue year on year by -22.22 percent, which was faster compared with its competitors’ overall decrease of -16.91 over the same period. Exxon Mobil also recorded a net margin of 7.64 percent, thus achieving higher profitability compared to its competitors, including Royal Dutch Shell, BP, and Chevron (CSIMarket,

Managing Human Resources-Phase 2 DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Human Resources-Phase 2 DB - Essay Example For the individual, we should not make the assumption that everyone’s motivation is the same. While someone just starting out in his/her career may have long-term goals, a professional with 20 years under his/her belt will bring a different set of needs and desires to the position. It is helpful to understand each team member’s background when determining what motivates them. For the team, we should consider what kind of a sales and support structure we would like to create. At NL&S, we already have an exciting message of growth. We can supplement that message with customer service and follow-through. We have had some issues at NL&S related to customer service. It may make sense to tie the customer service people to our sales team—there will be more on this in the recommendations (Levine, 2004). Finally, we need to motivate not just the top performers, but the mid-level performers as well. It’s easy to give the top sellers great bonuses, but they were motivated to sell (or talented enough) anyway. By reaching to the middle level of our organization, we can pull them up with the proper motivation to exceed our expectations (Clive, 2007). The first thing we should do is interview the salespeople one-on-one. I would suggest that I sit in on each interview, in order to provide additional input and to listen from a different perspective. The primary reasons for this interview will be To determine what motivates the individual sales reps: talk about their top three items. I would expect, from a survey of literature, that they want to belong to a winning team, look good to their friends, family and fellow workers, and be well-compensated for good performance. To determine if there are any barriers to their better performance. We will concentrate on product and sales knowledge, problems that they may be encountering with our organization, our products, or our customer service. Since sales reps are

Respond to 5 classmates Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Respond to 5 classmates - Coursework Example Providing services to the local communities encourages health-promotion, which results in achieving the goal of encouraging primary-care (Nowicki, 2011). â€Å"Nonprofit hospitals are more likely to offer unprofitable services and to locate in areas with a higher proportion of low-income and uninsured residents† (Byrne, 2014). A drawback observed by Byrne (2014) is that hospitalists appear to earn lower wages then their for-profit counterparts, in a sense donating some of their time to the community. The hospital loses it’s ability to divide the profits amongst it’s employees beyond what’s considered â€Å"reasonable† salaries. Not-for-profit hospitals are essentially designated to â€Å"engage in exclusively charitable purposes† (Nowicki, 2011). Healthcare has evolved into one of the most important issues in the contemporary times. The tax-exempt status of not-for profit health organizations become important as they are able to reach wider segment of people who require quality healthcare at accessible prices. Indeed, the tax exemption helps them to buy quality healthcare goods at lower prices which helps the organizations to maintain the high standard of effective healthcare delivery to the poor and the needy, especially the uninsured population. At the same time, Rosenthal (2013) asserts that the tax-exempt status is abused by many non-profit health organizations. This is major drawback that needs to be constantly monitored by the authorities so that the intended purpose of providing tax exemption can be justified for treating the needy and making quality and efficient healthcare delivery accessible to the target population who cannot afford increasing cost of healthcare. A major benefit for a hospital having tax exempt status is being able to issue tax-exempt bonds; the yields are 4-5% below taxable bond yields. Tax exempt hospitals work under the pretense that they are doing something the government would have to be

Alzheimer disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alzheimer disease - Essay Example These neurons and synapses are lost when the individual begins to develop Alzheimer’s disease. The cerebral cortex and subcortical regions are impacted because gross atrophy is found in these regions (Pashek & DiVenere, 2006: p. 143). The temporal lobe and parietal lobe witness degeneration which can lead to the progression of the disease. AD causes specific brain regions to shrink which has been corroborated by the presence of MRI and PET reports (Wilson et al, 2008: p, 45). Definition Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a form of dementia that is incurable. It is a progressive disease in which the conditions of the patient worsen with the passage of time with the ultimate outcome being death. The disease was first identified by a German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer in the early 20th century. AD is found to be prevalent in people above the age of 65 years. Currently, it is estimated that there are 26.8 million patients with the disease (Small & Perry, 2005: p. 125). The causes of the disease are unknown while medication seems to alleviate some of the symptoms. Disease Start AD starts when individuals suffer from short term memory loss. They might also be suffering from language problems and encountering difficulty in concentrating. Additionally, behavioral problems might be exhibited in individuals with mood swings and anger being the primary symptoms (Small et al, 2003: p. 353). The difficulties in perception, executive functions, and movements can also signal the onset of the disease among individuals. This gradually worsens with the passage of time as more intermediate and severe forms of symptoms are witnessed in individuals. Role of Environment Empirical studies are studying the impact of environmental factors upon the development of AD in individuals. This approach seeks to move away from the widespread emphasis on genetic factors as being the primary cause of AD (Small et al, 2005: p. 5). Studies are being conducted to investigate the relationship between cognitive decline and vascular and metabolic conditions. For instance, a study was conducted by the Rhode Island Hospital which found a link between nitrates in the environment and Alzheimer’s disease. Nitrates are found in increasing numbers in the environment as well as in processed foods. People who are vulnerable to heart disease might have a greater chance of developing AD. High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes are considered to be having a possible link with the development of AD (Tomoeda et al, 2006: p. 151). Research is still being conducted into the role of environmental factors in developing AD. This research is still inconclusive which means that there is the need for clear and precise goals. it is through the use of innovative and creative strategies that success can be attained within a short period of time. It is hoped that the study of the causes of AD will help in the development of effective and efficient medications to combat the disea se. Causes The exact causes of AD are still unknown despite decades of research into the problem. Genetics is considered to partly cause this disease as autosomal dominant inheritance has been witnessed in patients (Blacker et al, 2009: p. 1198). The oldest hypothesis is that AD is caused because the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is diminished in brains. However, this hypothesis has become unacceptable because medications that

Eschatological views of Judaism and Christianity Essay

Eschatological views of Judaism and Christianity - Essay Example The mythos, the raison d'tre, of Christianity is to provide all human beings with the only valid path to salvation. Christians believe people are by nature sinful. Christians believe that Jesus was both the Son of God and God the Son, God made incarnate; that Jesus' death by crucifixion was a sacrifice to atone for all humanity's sins, and that acceptance of Jesus as the Christ saves one from sin. Judaism's raison d'tre is to give concrete form to the covenant between God and the Jewish people. The Torah (teaching) tells the story of this covenant, and provides Jews with the terms of the covenant. The Torah thus guides Jews to walk in God's ways, to help them learn how to live a holy life on earth, and to bring holiness into the world and into every part of life so that life may be elevated to a high level of sanctity. Judaism does not see the afterlife as a core part of this, or a major factor needed to justify why it is necessary. Ideally a faithful life and good deeds should be en ds in themselves, not means (Lodahl 57-98). As for the concepts of God, it should be said that both Jews and Christians believe in the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, for Jews the God of the Tanakh, for Christians the God of the Old Testament, the creator of the universe. Both religions agree that God shares both transcendent and immanent qualities. How these religions resolve this issue is where the religions differ. Most of Christianity posits that God is the Trinity; in this view God exists as three distinct entities which share a single divine essence, or substance. In those three there is one, and in that one there are three; the one God is indivisible, while the three entities are distinct and unconfused: Abba God, Jesus and the Holy Spirit. It teaches that God became especially immanent in physical form through the Incarnation of Jesus, who is believed to be at once fully God and fully human. By contrast, Judaism sees God as a single entity, and views trinitarianism as both incomprehensible and a violation of the Bibl e's teaching that God is one. It rejects the notion that Jesus or any other object or living being could be "God", that God could have a literal "son" in physical form or is divisible in any way, or that God could be made to be joined to the material world in such fashion. Judaism does not believe that God requires the sacrifice of any human. This is emphasized in medieval Jewish traditions concerning the story of the Akedah, the binding of Isaac. In the Jewish explanation, this is a story whereby God wanted to test Abraham's faith and willingness, and Isaac was never going to be actually sacrificed. Thus, Judaism rejects the notion that anyone can or should die for anyone else's sin (Levenson 48-53). Understanding of the Bible. Jews and Christians seek authority from many of the same basic books, but they conceive of these books in significantly different ways. The Hebrew Bible is comprised of three parts: Torah (the five books of Moses), Nevi'im (the writings of the Prophets), and Ketuvim (other writings canonised over time, such as the Books of Esther, Jonah, Ruth or Job). Collectively, these are known as the Tanakh, a Hebrew acronym for the first letters of each. Rabbinical Judaism traditionally believes that these written works were also accompanied by an oral tradition which taught

The Relationship between Head Circumference and Recall of a List Words Essay Example for Free

The Relationship between Head Circumference and Recall of a List Words Essay ABSTRACT This laboratory experiment and report aims on identifying whether head circumference has a significant relationship with the recall of list of words. In this experiment, the researcher has asked 80 (68 females and 12 males) students to participate in the experiment and each were given a chance to memorise the 30 words provided by the researcher. Because of the incomplete response of some participants and extreme values, the researcher opted to use only 61 females and 7 males (68 participants) in the data analysis. Through the use of the SPSS, the study has found that there is a weak positive correlation between the two given variables. This means that the recalling skills of the participants are significantly relevant with their head circumference or head size. INTRODUCTION Cognitive psychology is the study of how the brain processes information. In more everyday terms, it is about the mental processes involved in acquiring and making use of knowledge and experience gained from our senses (Esgate, 2004). The main processes involved in cognition are perception, learning, memory storage, retrieval and thinking, all of which are terms that are used in everyday speech and therefore already familiar to most people. In some research studies, there has been evidence among elderly people with larger head size function better on tests of cognitive function (Reynolds et al, 1999).   As noted by psychologists, an adult head size or circumference is considered to give an appropriate estimate for maximal attained brain circumference (Wickett et al., 2000), such findings have been inferred as a supporting evidence of the theory which optimal neurological development in early phases of life can provide barrier against pathological activities that can influence cognitive performance as they reached their old age (Stern, 2002). However, as the size of the head is relevant to intelligence test scores among young adults, psychologists have noted some possible relations which have been found between head circumference and the cognitive function in elderly people (Deary et al., 2000). In psychological process, some psychologists are trying to determine the relationship between head circumference and recall of a list words.   Ã‚  In a study conducted by Gale, Walton and Matyn (2003) which investigated the cognitive function of elderly people and head circumferences, they have concluded that there is no relationship between cognitive function (memory recall) and head circumference. However, the study have also shown that people with larger head circumference as an adult gained relatively higher scores n the intelligence test on both testing events and were less likely to develop a decline in memory performance over the follow-up period in the study. One other hand, in a cross-sectional study conducted among 818 health older individuals, the researchers have found out that the head circumference is related to performance on global cognitive functioning, tests measuring intelligence and speed of information processing. However, this study has revealed that head circumference or size has not been significantly related with memory functions (Tisserand et al, 2001). In this regard, the main goal of this paper is to conduct an analysis on the relationship of head circumference and recall of a list words.   Thus, this study will work on the following hypothesis:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"There is a significant relationship between the head circumference and recall of a list words†. METHOD This study was conducted in order to assess the relationship of head circumference and recall of list words among students. In order to achieve the objective of the study and to the hypothesis, the descriptive method of research was utilized. The purpose of employing the descriptive method is to describe the nature of a condition, as it takes place during the time of the study and to explore the cause or causes of a particular condition. The researcher opted to use this kind of research considering the desire to acquire first hand data from the respondents so as to formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study. According to Creswell (1994), the descriptive method of research is to gather information about the present existing condition.     In terms of approach, the study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The quantitative approach focused on obtaining numerical findings was used with the laboratory experiments. The correlation research refers to studies in which the purpose is to discover relationships between variables through the use of correlation statistics (r). The square of a correlation coefficient yields the explained variance (r-squared). A correlational relationship between two variables is occasionally the result of an outside source, so we have to be careful and remember that correlation does not necessarily tell us about cause and effect. If a strong relationship is found between two variables, using an experimental approach can test causality. To assess the strength of relationship between variables, it is important to get the correlation coefficient, which can take on any value between -1 and +1, since this will tell the strength of the relationship between two ranked or quantifiable variables (Saunders et al, 2003, p. 363). Accordingly, a value of +1 represents a perfect positive correlation, which means that the two variables are exactly related, where, as the values of one variable increase, values of the other variable will increase. Conversely, a value of -1 shows a perfect negative correlation, which also means that the two variables are exactly related, only this time, as the values of one variable increase, that of the other decreases. Finally, correlation coefficients between +1 and -1 stand for weaker positive and negative correlations, and a value of 0 means that the variables are completely independent from each other. Table 1: Values of Correlation To assist the researcher in the statistical analysis of the gathered data, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used. SPSS is one of the most widely available and powerful statistical software packages that covers a broad range of statistical procedures, which allows a researcher to summarise data (e.g., compute means and standard deviations), determine whether there are significant differences between groups (e.g., t-tests, analysis of variance), examine relationships among variables (e.g., correlation, multiple regression), and graph results (e.g., bar charts, line graphs) (Einstein and Abernethy, 2000). PARTICIPANTS To gather pertinent information, the students were chosen as the respondents or participants for this laboratory study. The participants of this study composed of 68 females and 12 males. However, only 61 female students and seven males were considered to be analysed due to incomplete responses and extreme values. MATERIALS For this study, the experiment has used 30 words which has been shown among the chosen students. Note that the words used ranges from 3-letter words to 4-letter words and have one and two syllables. The data gathered using these words, will determine whether there is a significant relationship between head size or circumference and recall of list words.    PROCEDURE To achieve the objective of the study, the head circumference or size of the students were measured. The measurement of head circumference ranges from 53-62. In this study, the students/participants were asked to read or memorize 30 words which have been given above.   After which the students have asked to mention what words did they recall and the researcher lists the number of words mentioned by the respondents. The scores of the students and the measure of their circumference were used for the analysis of the correlation. RESULT Significant Relations of Head Circumference and Recall   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using SPSS, the descriptive statistics and correlation of the variables were analysed. The result of the analysis were shown in tables and diagrams below.    Descriptive Statistics Table 2 Mean Std. Deviation N Head Circumference 57.015 2.06 68 Recalled List of Words 16.87 3.54    Correlations Table 3 Head Circumference Recalled List of Words Head Circumference Pearson Correlation Sign (2-Tailed ) N 1    .    68 **.315 000. 68 Recalled List of Words Pearson Correlation Sign (2-Tailed ) N 315.** 000. 68 1    . 68 **Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)    Figure 1 Scattered Diagram Figure 2 DISCUSSION Given the data gathered from the laboratory experiment, analysis shows that the average of the head size of the students is 57.015 and the recalled words mean average is 16.87 out of 30 words. The correlations table displays Pearson correlation coefficients, significance values, and the number of cases with non-missing values. Pearson correlation coefficients assume the data are normally distributed. The Pearson correlation coefficient is a measure of linear association between two variables. Basically, the values of the correlation coefficient range from -1 to 1. The sign of the correlation coefficient indicates the direction of the relationship (positive or negative). The absolute value of the coefficient of correlation signifies the strength, with larger absolute values showing stronger relationships. The correlation coefficients on the main diagonal are always 1.0, because each variable has a perfect positive linear relationship with itself. Correlations above the main diagonal are a mirror image of those below. In our data, the correlation coefficient for head circumference (independent) and recall from lists of words (dependent) is 0.315. Since 0.315 is relatively close to 1 or -1 this indicates that head circumference (independent) is weak positive correlated with the recall of list of words (dependent). The significance of each correlation coefficient is also displayed in the correlation table. The significance level (or p-value) is the probability of obtaining results as extreme as the one observed. If the significance level is very small (less than 0.05) then the correlation is significant and the two variables are linearly related. If the significance level is relatively large, for example, 0.50, then the correlation is not significant and the two variables are not linearly related. In this result, since the p-value is less than 0.05, then the two variables are not significant Based on the given data, it has been found out that head circumference has a weak positive relation with the recall of lists words. In this regard, the research accepts the hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between head circumference and recall of lists of words among students. In the scattered diagram, it can be said that there is a vague relationship between the two variables. In this regard, it can be said that head size of the students may affect the number of words recalled by the students. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of the data analysis, it can be concluded that the instrument used in this study as well as the method used to achieve its primary objective has been efficient and effective. The findings have shown that the head size or circumference of the students who took part of the study have a weak positive relation with the number of words they recalled out of 30 words provided by the researcher. This study further concluded that the memory function of an individual can be measured through the head circumference or head size of such individual.    Reference Creswell, J.W. (1994). Research design. Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. Deary IJ, Whalley LJ, Lemmon H, Crawford JR, Starr JM (2000). The stability of individual differences in mental ability from childhood to old age: follow-up of the 1932 Scottish Mental Survey. Intelligence 28: 49–55 Esgate, A. et al (2004). An introduction to applied cognitive psychology. Psychology Press. Hove, England. Gale, CR, Walton, S and Martyn, CN (2003). Foetal and postnatal head growth and risk of cognitive decline in old age. Brain, Vol. 126, No. 10, 2273-2278, Reynolds MD, Johnston JM, Dodge HH, DeKosky ST, Ganguli M. (1999).   Small head size is related to low Mini-Mental State Examination scores in a community sample of nondemented older adults. Neurology 53: 228–9. Stern Y. (2000). What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. J Int Neuropsychol Soc; 8: 448–60 Tisserand, DJ, Bosma, H, Van Boxtel, MPJ and Jolles, J. (2001). Head size and cognitive ability in nondemented older adults are related. Neurology 56:969-971 Wickett JC, Vernon PA, Lee DH. Relationships between factors of intelligence and brain volume. Personality Individual Difference 29: 1095–122.

An introduction to European cuisine

An introduction to European cuisine Europe is a continent which is bordered by the Arctic ocean to the north, to the west lies the Atlantic Ocean, the Caucasus mountains and the Caspian sea and Black sea forms the southeast boarders,the Ural mountains and the Ural River is positioned in east of Europe and to the south lies the Mediterranean Sea. Europe stands as the worlds second smallest continent in relation to its size .Population wise Europe is the second biggest continent after Asia. European history is very vast which begins from the Bronze Age with enormous cultural and economic achievements. Ancient Greeks marks the origin of western culture and the Roman Empire spanned the entire continent for several centuries. With the decline of the Roman Empire Europe entered a long period of stasis known as the Dark Ages, which came to end with the rise of Renaissance and New Monarchs, which began the period of exploration, discovery and increase in the scientific knowledge. A large colonial empire was built by the Europe an nation at the 15th century, particularly France, Britain, Spain and Portugal with enormous holding in Asia, Africa and the Americas. With the rise of the Industrial Revolution in Europe at the 18th century, created greater general prosperity and equivalent increase in the population. With the end of World war two and till the end of cold war two major political and economical blocks divided the Europe which was the Capitalistic countries in the Western Europe and the Communist nations in the Eastern Europe. Presently geographic Europe comprises 45 countries. The European climate remains temperate and mild, with cool summers and cold winters. Generally, if we compare different places on the same latitude with places on the same latitude in Europe, we would notice that places in Europe have a more favorable climate than places elsewhere in America, Asia or Africa. If we compare the average January temperatures of Berlin, Calgary and Irkutusk- lying in the Asian region of Russia, we would notice that the temperature in Berlin is about 8 and 22 degrees Celsius higher than temperatures in Calgary and Irkutusk respectively. The main reason for this climate winds from the Atlantic Ocean. Warm winds sweep the whole continent and keep the continent mildly warm. Ocean currents carrying warm waters from the Gulf of Mà ©xico have a major role in this natural phenomenon. Since there is not mountain barrier in Europe, which is large enough to stop these winds from sweeping across the continent, and since most of the continent is within the range of 3 00 miles from the Atlantic Ocean, these currents affect the climatic conditions of the whole continent. Therefore, Europe climate is quite the same throughout the continent. Northern Europe climate, naturally, has longer and cooler winters compared to the southern part of the continent. Winters are colder and longer in the East as compared to the west. Summers are shorter, but hotter in the East as we move towards the west. As far as rainfall is concerned, most parts of Europe receive an annual rainfall of 20-60 inches, with the maximum of it happening towards the West of the mountains (around 80 inches in general). The areas receiving lighter rainfall include the Southern part of Spain, Kazakhstan and northern part of Scandinavia. It is for a reason that Europe fetches the maximum number of tourists in a year- its warm people and great natural beauty, coupled with aesthetic modernity. It is a well known fact that almost each and every country that comes under the European region has major tourist hubs, which attract customers from all over the world. Not only people from other continents, but people from within Europe also travel to the various tourist destinations in Europe. The tourism industry also plays a major role in the economic stability of the European nations, and this is the sole reason as to why the governments have spent a massive amount of time and money in keeping various tourist places in Europe clean and updated. The climatic conditions and the exceptionally well connected airline services make traveling in Europe, a piece of cake. The ancient medieval history, coupled with some great historic monuments, palaces, churches and alleys have made tourist places in Europe a hot favorite among tourists of all age groups, backgrounds and nationalities. France attracts most of the tourist influx in Europe. From the Louvre and the Eiffel tower to the Notre dam Cathedral and the Champs ET Lysà ©e, almost every tourist spot in France, especially in Paris, has become a symbolic of the most visited places of the world. The Arc of Triumph, the Garnier Opera and the Gallo-Roman amphitheatre are some of the other places that can be termed as some of the best tourist places in Europe. Germany and Rome follow France closely when it comes to some of the most visited tourist places in Europe. Berlin, Frankfurt, Munich and Dà ¼sseldorf attract tourists from all over the world. Business travelers and educational tourists also frequent these places. The Colloseum and the Palazzo Barberini are two of the most famous tourist places in Europe, belonging to Rome. Apart from historic tourist places in Europe, great natural places are also hot favorites among tourists. Regions around the Alps, the Mediterranean Sea and the Pacific top the list of such places. Be it the open landscapes of Hungary, the great mountains in Switzerland or the beautiful beaches of Spain- Europe has everything to sooth a lover of nature. Apart from some great tourist places, the people, food, culture and the festival of Europe beckon one and all to this land, offering a perfect mix of traditions and rebellion. Europe has a great diversity of food reflecting its linguistic-cultural mosaic. In this age of globalisation we are brought to eat food from more and more countries.

Case Study of European Budget Airlines

Case Study of European Budget Airlines Ryanair is one of the leading airline companies of Europe. This airline company is known for its low cost and high quality service. It operates more than 1,400 flights per day from 44 bases and 1100+ low fare routes across 27 countries, connecting 160 destinations (Ryanair-a, n.d.). This paper endeavours to analyse Ryanair, with special emphasis on situation analysis, decision making, planning and controlling process, leadership and organisational structure. This paper will conclude with some plausible recommendations on future growth and progress. Situational Analysis SWOT is a very helpful management tool for analysing the situation of a company. Ryanair was established in 1985, and despite its shortcomings it established a strong position in the market. Strengths Ryanair has developed a strong brand name in airline industry as a low cost service provider. Ryanair has been in the airline company since the last 25 years and has gained sufficient experience in it. Ryanair has developed its internet facilities and has made it an important selling point. This helps the company to eliminate the costs of agents. Ryanairs fleet includes aircrafts with high sitting capacity and low maintenance cost. Ryanairs services performance is of high standard with punctual fleet timing. Weakness To save cost, Ryanair charges its passengers for services like refreshments, wheelchair etc. It creates very impression among passengers about the company. It is not a preferred airline with the high class passengers. Opportunities The European Union market is expanding with time and most of the passengers prefer low fare for their air travel. Regions like North America and Asia have greater scope for low cost provider like Ryanair. Threats The existing airline companies are following strategies that lower the cost and hence competition within the industry is increasing with time. The oil market is a major supplier to airline business. In recent years, price of oil has increased significantly. The customers are becoming very price and service sensitive. Porters 5 Forces The bargaining power of suppliers is very high as the number of aircraft manufacturer and oil suppliers are very less in the market. Availability of proper airports is also very important for this industry. However, airports bargaining power is quite low as they depend on aircraft companies. The bargaining power of customers is very high as they have many airline service providers to choose from. The barrier entry of airline industry is quite high as it requires heavy investments and technical expertise. Airline is the fastest mode of transportation for overseas and long distance travel. No other substitute can match the service of airline industry. Competition among existing rival is the most import factor in this industry. The rivals are competing with each other for increasing their market share. In European Union, Lufthansa, Ryanair, Easy jet etc are leading airline companies. 3. Decision Making 3.1. Decision Making Process in Ryanair Ryanair provides low cost and high quality airline services to its customers. It places customer satisfaction above all other priorities. The decision making process is primarily centred on concerns regarding ways to provide higher customer services. Fleet planning, airline fare, fleet scheduling etc are some of the chief aspects of Ryanairs effective decision making process. 3.2. Decision Making Approach Decision making approach can be defined as strategic approached of an organisation. Ryanairs management team aims to follow rational decision making approach. The rational decision making approach is an ongoing and dynamic process. This approach helps to identify the underlying problems and to find relevant solutions (Kroon, 1995 p.187). For example, in 2004, when the company was passing through a financial crisis, rational decision making approach not only helped it to overcome it but also paved the path of growth. 3.3. Types of Problems and Decisions Making In Ryanair In 2004, Ryanair was one of the worst performers in FTSE Eurotop 300 index. During that period, competition in airline industry was very high in the European nations as many new companies entered the market. Despite the stiff competition, the company enjoyed a healthy growth rate till 2003. But the managements inability to understand and rectify the inherent weakness of its decision making process stunted its growth. 3.4. Decision-Making Conditions in Ryanair While framing the strategic move for any decision making process; Ryanairs first priority will be to analyse the elements of external competition. The European airline industry is crowded with many leading companies like Lufthansa, Virgin, Aer Lingus, and British Airway etc. Consumers needs are also very important for Ryanairs decision-making. Prior to 2003, the companys concern for customer service was very low, except the low fare advantages. 3.5. Decision-Making Styles The decision making style of Ryanairs management team seems to be affected by different factors. However, the decision making methods are quite flexible. After analysing its rapid growth during 2002-2003, it can be claimed that it focuses on short term objective rather than long term goals. Creativity is another major feature of its decision making style. 3.6. Decision- Making Biases and Errors Ryanairs temporary fall during 2004 brought into fore many drawbacks of its decision making process. Robbins has identified some unexplained prejudices and errors of decision making like biases relating to overconfidence, anchoring, confirmation, availability, escalation of commitment etc (Robbins, 2009, p.126). Ryanairs decision was affected by two major biases i.e. anchoring biases and status quo biasness. Its decision making was based on the past success that failed to take in to account unfavourable macro-economic conditions resulting from 9/11 attack on WTC. 4. Planning 4.1Vision and Mission Statement Vision and mission statements help an organisation to prepare a roadmap for its operational activities. Ryanairs official website does not have the vision and mission statement of the company. However, the public statements of Michael OLeary and other higher executive member of Ryanair indicate that it aims to achieve growth and success by being the lowest cost provider in airline industry (Box and Kent, 2007). 4.2. Purposes of Planning In general, the purpose of planning is to bring effectiveness and efficiency in the operational activities of a business. The implied mission and vision of Ryanairs clearly states its purposes of planning. To counter the increasing competition, the company has decided to follow low cost strategy. Hence, its planning is designed after taking into consideration this objective. 4.3 Planning And Performances in Ryanair According to Riezebos, planning is a very crucial element of operational activity that affects the performance level (Riezebos, 2001, p.12). Planning is one of the major tools of motivating participants to achieve the common organisational goal. Due to rational decision making approach, the company is able to plan its operational and strategic activities properly. Ryanair is able to achieve its target with the help of an efficient planning process. 4.4 Types of Goals in Ryanair The primary goal of Ryanair is to become the lowest cost airline service provider in Europe. The idea of offering low fare proved successful for the company. However, initially it failed to understand the necessity of good service for customer. Currently, the company is committed to provide lower fare, high quality service and punctual air schedule (Ryanair-b, n.d.). 4.5 Types of Plans in Ryanair Ryanairs decision making process follows rational approach and it also follows rational model for its planning process. Basically, planning can be divided as short term goal and long term goal. The companys management team was concerned only with the short term goal. The company often changes its plan as per the requirements of the market. In 2002, the companys plan was to provide low cost fare and after 2004, its planning process also took note of service quality. 4.6 Contingency Factors in Planning Ryanair faces three major contingency factors. Firstly, the organisational level affects the operational planning of middle and low level managers. Secondly, the uncertainty of macro-environmental or other external factors affects the planning process. Therefore, Ryanair aims to develop a flexible planning system. Thirdly, the long and short term objectives of Ryanair affect its planning process. The company always tries to concentrate on its current objective. 4.7 Objectives The primary objective of Ryanair is to attain cost leadership in European airline market. However, to achieve this objective, the company needs to concentrate on other long term goal. These include increasing its operational activities to enter new markets like North America, developing customer centred business model and increasing the use of internet as a major selling point (OCuilleanain et al, 2004). 4.8 Management by Objectives (MBO) Management by objective (MBO) approach of management leads to increase in the performance of organisation. MBO is a result-oriented, non-specialized managerial process for the effective utilization of organisational resources by integrating individuals with the organisation and the organisation with the environment (Goyal, 2005, p.304). During 2004, in order to overcome its crisis situation, the company introduced MBO approach to improve its performance. 4.9 Strategic Management Process Ryanairs strategic management process is based on its objective of achieving cost leadership in European airline industry. The company has improved its positioning by implementing proper strategic management process. The key elements of its strategic management include low fares, high frequency of point-to-point flight within short routes, proper route choice, reduction in operating cost, increase the internet use for selling, maintenance of safely and high quality service etc (OCuilleanain et al, 2004) 5. Organising 5.1 Organisation Structure and Design: Proper organisational structure and design helps to develop efficient management performance. There are four elements of organisation structure and these are departmentalisation, span of control, centralization and formalization. Appendix 1 depicts the organisation structure of Ryanair. Michael OLeary is the CEO of the company and there are seven Directors and a Chairman. For each department like customer services, finance, HR etc, there are individual head management personnel having a team. 5.2 Chain of Command The Chain of command in Ryanair is based on its organisational structure. The appendix 1 portrays that the CEO is the chief person of command of the organisation. However, the decision making process in Ryanair includes all the senior managers of each department. To maintain high level of transparency and to develop two-way communication system in cross functional departments, the chain of command is very essential. 5.3 Span of Control The span of control in Ryanair is effective and helps to maintain a sound organisational growth. The span of control of the CEO Michael OLeary is the highest and most effective. As per appendix 1, the entire department is required to report on the ongoing activities to the CEO. The CEO along with the Directors and Chairman is responsible for making the final decisions of the organisation. However, for better planning and implementation, the employees should be involved in the decision making process. 5.4 Centralization and Decentralization The decision of centralization or decentralization depends on the nature and expansion of business. Ryanair is a multinational company having different units in European countries and North America. For the airline industry, decentralization is more preferred over centralization. However, Ryanair follows a centralized organisational model. Decentralization of organisation will help it to compete with the major competitors of different markets. 5.5 Mechanistic and Organic organization The mechanistic organisations are those having a well defined hierarchy. Ryanair has a centralized organisational structure and it is an example of mechanistic organisation. Appendix 2 shows the major difference between the mechanistic and organic organisation. The company has been very strict in maintaining its relationship with the employees. However, such organisational structure of Ryanair creates biases and errors in decision making process. 5.6 Contingency Factors There are many factors that affect the organisational structure of a company. The industry trend, the growth structure, the social and demographic characteristics of employee customers and vision and mission of the company etc are the major contingency factors that help in designing the organisational structure. The leadership quality of the higher management also affects the organisational structure. The organisational structure of Ryanair is also affected by external competition and its leadership style. 5.7 Job Characteristics Model One of the primary objectives of Ryanair is to provide high customer services and in this respect the employees are the most important resource. In order to enrich the quality of job, the company motivates its employees to achieve the common organisational goal i.e. growth. The company aim to offer competitive salaries with excellent benefits that are simple and easy to understand (Ryanair-c, n.d.). 6. Leadership The leadership style is an important influencing factor organisational growth and success. The major leadership skills of Ryanairs management focus on the low cost fare for airline. The fleet of Ryanair includes single-class aircraft that increases the seating capacity. However, the leadership skills of Ryanair have led to its success of 2002-2003 and failure of 2004. The leadership in Ryanair strives to focus on position, seniority and authority. Control 7.1 Control Process The control process is the key element for Ryanair as it wants to achieve the lowest cost leadership. In order to facilitate effective and efficient control system, employees must be properly organized. Ryanair has developed proper system for regulating the control process by managing its employees. 7.2 Types of Control Ryanair strategic moves and policies control various aspect of the organisation. Firstly, cost controlling activity is the major criteria for low cost fare airline and it includes labour cost, marketing cost, airport charges. It also reduces the service cost by controlling many activities. For example, in 2003, it did not offer meals of refreshments to passengers who faced delays (O Higgins, 2004,). 7.3 Managerial Approaches to Implement Controls Ryanairs management team approach for implementation of control, strives to bring down the financial expenses. However, proper organisation culture and operational activities are also very important to improve its service qualities. Fleet control and market control are necessary for achieving the competitive strategy. The market control managerial approach of Ryanair involves the comparison of profit and expenses with that of its competitors. 7.4 Management Information System For establishing better management system, Ryanair has brought technological advancement in its organisations non-operational activities. For example, it has developed its website for using it as a major selling point. The increasing use of internet has made the managerial activity more efficient. At present, the company is aiming to achieve 100% internet ticket booking. Contingency Factors in Control Like the decision making process, controlling activity of an organisation is affected by uncertainty of macro-economic factors and the cultural and social characteristics of employees. In the airline industry, the major contingency factor is the competition and conflicts related to organisational objectives. Ryanairs management aims to avoid these contingencies factors related to employees by rewarding them for their efforts. 7.6 Corporate Governance Ryanair is listed on London and Irish Stock Exchanges in Europe. The company is responsible for following proper business ethics and compliance as per the corporate governance. The entire management teams including the Directors and CEO are committed to maintain the standard corporate governance. Its business policy clearly defines the role of Directors and other members in meeting its corporate responsibility. Balanced Scorecard Balanced score card is the most popular management tool used by organisations. Ryanairs strategic management system can be explained with balanced score card. To bring efficiency in its operational activities, Ryanair concentrates of four major areas i.e. finance, customer, business process and learning and growth. 8.1 Benchmarking To achieve the objective of becoming the lowest cost provider in the European airline industry, Ryanair has set its benchmark for cost controlling activities. At present, it is the lowest cost provider in the industry and hence, it has developed its own benchmark. For example, in 2003, the company reduced its cost for wheelchairs services by bringing a third party wheelchair suppliers who charged passengers for supplying wheelchairs. 8.2 Value Chain The value chain of the company strives to provide the lowest fare possible. Appendix 4 portrays the value chain which includes other important aspects of the airline industry. To develop a cost effective operational process, the company has combined its balanced score card, benchmarking and value chain. RECOMMENDATIONS To ensure success, Ryanair must bring some changes in its management and business model. Some of the useful recommendations are given below. It must focus on its services to meet the passengers minimum expectation. The company should include the employees in the decision making process. As many other rivals are also following low cost strategy, Ryanair can bring certain innovations in its service process. Internal communication should be encouraged for better transparency and motivation. It should develop its public image by increasing corporate social activities. For maintaining low cost fare, it should emphasise on the financial aspects. 10. Reference Box, T. M. and Kent, B. 2007. Ryanair (2005): Successful Low Cost Leadership. [Online]. Available at: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5452/is_200705/ai_n21289700/pg_2/. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. Goyal, R. C. 2005. Hospital Administration and Human Resource Management. 4th Edition. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Hellriegel, D. and Slocum, J. W. 2007. Organizational behaviour. 11th Edition. Cengage Learning. Kroon, J. 1995. General Management. 2nd Edition. Pearson South Africa. OCuilleanain, E. S. et al, 2004. Ryanair Plc. [Pdf]. Available at: http://dev.ulb.ac.be/cours/alle/PDF/BuspPresRyanair04.pdf. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. O Higgins, E, 2004, Case Study Ryanair. Riezebos, 2001. Design of a period batch control planning system for cellular manufacturing. University of Groningen. Robbins, S. P. 2009. Organisational behaviour: global and Southern African perspectives. 2nd Edition. Pearson South Africa. Ryanair-a. No Date. About Us: History of Ryanair. [Online]. Available at: http://www.ryanair.com/en/about. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. Ryanair-b. No date. About Us: Passenger Charter. [Online]. Available at: http://www.ryanair.com/en/about/passenger-charter. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. Ryanair-c. No date. Careers. [Online]. Available at: http://www.ryanair.com/en/careers/working-for-ryanair. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. The Official Board. September 15, 2010. Ryanair. [Online]. Available at: http://www.theofficialboard.com/org-chart/ryanair-holdings. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. The Performance Institute. 2009. Balanced Scorecard. [Online]. Available at: http://www.performanceweb.org/events/training/program-performance/sub7/. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. Jack Baskin School of Engineering. No date. Airline Industry Analysis. [Ppt]. Available at: http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/ism158/Winter03/istcch04.ppt. [Accessed on November 03, 2010].

Overcoming the Giant :: Art Arts Films Film Movies Essays

Overcoming the Giant "And he slung it and struck the Philistine in his forehead . . . and he fell on his face to the earth" (1 Samuel 17:49b). The Biblical account of David and Goliath is the most famous incident of the underdog defeating the giant. Since this event, history has seen giant after giant overcome by a seemingly insignificant underdog. Alexander the Great, before he was given his title, defeated a supposedly unconquerable Persian army, led by King Xerxes. In the 1960s, Joe Namath, quarterback of the New York Jets, predicted and delivered a shocking victory over the heavily favored Baltimore Colts. Even in fairy tales, the theme lives on in "Jack and the Beanstalk." And, today, in the heart of San Jose, another David-and-Goliath scenario has arisen between the Camera Theaters and the mainstream Cinemas. But this time, the hurdle is daunting. Can the Camera Theaters overcome this giant, or are the challenges too numerous and too great? There is, of course, one main obstacle for the Camera Theaters to overcome if they are to survive: they must draw more teens. Why are teenagers so important to the movie industry? When it comes to making money in the movie industry, it is statistically proven that the largest profit contributors are 16-20 year old males. While the art films in downtown San Jose draw educated, sophisticated 35 year-old audiences, they have not drawn the young moviegoers. This, in a nutshell, is the challenge the Camera Theaters must break in order to survive the tightening grip of the merciless cinemas. However, we must recognize the multiple pieces that makeup the nutshell before we can crack it. To determine what the Camera Theaters need to do in order to overcome the lack of teenagers it draws, the writer took an unofficial poll that has laid out the biggest reasons for the lack of interest among teenagers. The poll taken showed that 60% of Prospect High School students have never been to either of the Camera Theaters, thus confirming the hypothesis that the theaters need to draw teens through their doors. But the poll went further: it also showed that 40% of students had never even heard of the Camera Theaters. Therein lies problem number one in drawing teens: lack of publicity. For the Camera Theaters to survive they must find a way to gain publicity. In 1993, when it seemed like the Cameras were going to close, twelve art film theater owners wrote letters of support and thirteen newspaper editorials were written on the situation.

the swing :: essays research papers

The Swing by Pierre Renoir   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The impressionist movement started when Claude Monet and other artists held an exhibition in Paris in 1874. People like Edgar Degas, Claude Monet, Pierre Renoir, Camille Pissaro created their most important work between 1870 to around 1910. The critics gave the exhibition the worst reviews possible. â€Å"The critics considered Impressionist paintings an insult to viewers because they were expected to accept apparently unfinished art as a ‘real’ painting.† The name was taken from Monet’s Impression, Sunrise. â€Å"The artists took the name after a critic used it mockingly to describe all the exhibited works.† The critics said that the paintings were â€Å"evidence of sloppy workmanship† (world book).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Swing by Pierre Renoir shows many of the characteristics of a painting made during the impressionist movement. During the impressionist period the painters didn’t care to show emotion on the characters depicted in the painting. The impressionist also tried to capture a moment in time by painting something they saw at a glance rather than think about what they knew or what they felt about the situation. For example this painting captures a moment in time by showing a woman, standing on the swing, a baby, looking up at a man, and two men, who is having a conversation with the lady against an outdoor background. The impressionist liked to work outdoors in natural light and paint rapidly rather than in a studio trying to develop what they paint. They were influenced by the scientific study of color and light at that time. This painting shows how light reflects on the people standing partly in the shade and partly in the sunlight.

Great Advertisement Essay

When you think about advertisements you don’t realize what’s within, Weasel words. Weasel words are just a tricky skill used by the advertisers. People who try to persuade you into buying their product are using a trick mask they hope you don’t see. While thinking of how to develop this essay I found a great advertisement that relates a Wrinkle-free lotion to be exact. I looked at it and I was surprised to see how fake it looked, and how desperate they were. Also how badly they wanted for the audience to buy it. They used weasel words in all of the advertisement; it was basically covered with it. An example is â€Å"less wrinkles in only sixty minutes†. The â€Å"Less wrinkles† statement doesn’t actually tell you that all your wrinkles are going to go away it may be only some or maybe just one. â€Å"Sixty minutes† statement is another weasel word because that’s basically what people like to hear and say â€Å"wow this really works†. Plus the pictures has a big role in all this, It shows a before and after picture. That’s how they try to get our attention away from the actual meaning. The whole advertisement is misleading. Why? It gives a wrong impression. It says less wrinkles not every wrinkle will disappear, which is what the viewers have in mind that all the wrinkles will go away. Another misleading fact is that it says sixty minutes. Well what about if you leave it on for sixty minutes but it still hasn’t worked enough so you leave it longer but you think â€Å"Oh it’s just 10 minutes more†. They impress the viewer with the sixty minutes when that is not even realistic or possible maybe with a surgery you can have less wrinkles in some hours not with a lotion. Also the viewer doesn’t know what is in the lotion they just put it on because on the advertisement it says it works. The viewer may be putting something on their skin that can damage it permanently. To make it even better they add an image that tricks the viewer. Well first of all, it looks like two different people. The image which is the lady with wrinkles is an older woman. The other lady has no wrinkles at all and is young like in her twenties and in the bottom it has a caption that says â€Å"I’m wrinkle less†. Another strategy is they go towards a certain audience. The audience is mostly for women in their thirty’s and up. When seeing an advertisement you don’t realize that beneath it theirs tricks used by the advertiser. Many products can trick us with images or emotionally. Especially when its something that people want. Just remember how advertisers twist words to make us think one thing when its another, that’s because they know weasel words.